Eleventh Circuit Provides Clarity to Incorporation-By-Reference Doctrine
The United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit recently clarified the incorporation-by-reference doctrine in terms of how a lower court may treat documents outside the four corners of the complaint in deciding both motions to dismiss and motions for judgment on the pleadings with respect to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure[1] 12(d). This…
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Litigating Arbitration Awards: Federal Courts Decline to Punch the Jurisdictional Ticket
Over two years ago, the United States Supreme Court divested the federal courts of jurisdiction over all but a few disputes concerning the confirmation or vacation of arbitration awards. Since then, the federal appellate courts have further chipped at the contours of their subject matter jurisdiction, essentially delegating enforcement of arbitral awards to the states.…
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Proactive Protections Against CIPA Mass Arbitrations? Updated Terms of Use
Businesses operating public facing websites that employ data analytics software to track users’ website interactions must be aware of a novel use of the California Information Privacy Act (“CIPA”) that has taken the plaintiffs’ bar by storm. Specifically, class action complaints and demands have been filed in abundance under California Penal Code Section 631, California’s…
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Adverse Possession in a Closely Held Company? ‘Stash’ This One Away
Imagine for a moment that you’re a shareholder in a closely held corporation. In most jurisdictions, that status as a shareholder obligates you to a heightened fiduciary duty to your fellow shareholders. Now imagine that your closely held corporation is in the real estate business, and one of your fellow shareholders sues the corporation for…
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Lessons From the License to Drive (and Protect) Sports Illustrated
For years, Sports Illustrated (SI) has provided exclusive, in-depth looks into some of sports’ greatest games and players, with its voice and visuals providing great entertainment and information for sports fans around the world. As an example, a signed 1975 SI cover of Muhammed Ali and Joe Frazier is one of my most prized pieces…
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Entrepreneurial Success Begins By Navigating Key Legal Lessons
As often as we hear of the success stories of entrepreneurs, we are not always as privy to the many behind-the-scenes challenges they face. We may hear even less about the legal framework guiding their entrepreneurial dreams. However, for all entrepreneurs, having an understanding of the legal landscape is essential for sustainable business growth and…
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Investment Advisors Face Added Regulation That Could Potentially Impact Litigation
On February 13, 2024, FinCEN issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) to deter criminals and foreign adversaries who seek to potentially compromise the U.S. financial system and assets through investment advisors. If passed, the new rule would make investment advisors subject to the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) by expanding the definition of “financial institution”…
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